Zotero
Collection
Contenus
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Pour une mésologie de l’apprenance -
Note : GKPYFK7C <div data-schema-version="8"><p>“Un test d’universalisation mené de manière égocentrique ne suffit pas à garantir qu’une maxime serait acceptées par tous comme fil conducteur moral de leur actions. Cette conclusion ne serait juste qu’au cas où ma perspective couvrirait celle de tous les autres. Ce n’est que si mon identité et mon projet de vie reflétaient une forme de vie universellement valable que ce qui, vu de ma perspective, est également bon pour tous serait effectivement dans l’égal intérêt de tous.” p. 101</p> </div>
- Communication écrite État-citoyens: Défis numériques, perspectives rédactologiques
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Note : YMJ8UP7L <div data-citation-items="%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22itemData%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22abstract%22%3A%22When%20we%20study%20a%20complex%20system%20it%20is%20natural%20to%20be%20interested%20in%20the%20structure%20of%20its%20elements%2C%20as%20opposed%20to%20just%20caring%20about%20the%20individual%20characteristics%20of%20the%20components.%20The%20traditional%20way%20to%20deal%20with%20this%20issue%20has%20been%20through%20a%20characterization%20of%20the%20structure%20by%20the%20use%20of%20graphs%2C%20where%20nodes%20represent%20the%20components%20of%20the%20system%2C%20and%20an%20edge%20exists%20between%20two%20of%20them%20if%20there%20is%20a%20relation%20connecting%20them.%20The%20theory%20is%20nevertheless%20only%20appropriate%20for%20the%20description%20of%20systems%20with%20binary%20underlying%20relations%20between%20the%20components.%20We%20propose%20here%20the%20use%20of%20pretopology%20to%20effectively%20treat%20the%20case%20where%20connections%20exist%20between%20an%20element%20and%20a%20group.%20Our%20contributions%20include%20a%20formalization%20of%20a%20pretopological%20space%20in%20terms%20of%20a%20simple%20group%20of%20rules%20over%20a%20set%20of%20networks.%20This%20allow%20us%20to%20economically%20store%20a%20pretopological%20space%2C%20and%20to%20effectively%20study%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20algorithms%20that%20have%20been%20proposed.%20Some%20of%20these%20algorithms%20were%20improved.%20Some%20applications%20are%20developed.%20The%20first%20of%20them%20is%20a%20Python%20library%20where%20all%20of%20the%20previously%20reviewed%20algorithms%20are%20implemented.%20After%20presenting%20in%20a%20general%20manner%20the%20faculties%20of%20the%20library%2C%20we%20use%20it%20to%20study%20some%20diffusion%20phenomena%20with%20the%20help%20of%20some%20agent%20based%20models.%20We%20finish%20using%20some%20of%20the%20notions%20introduced%20here%20to%20develop%20a%20clusterization%20algorithm%2C%20that%20not%20only%20performs%20on%20a%20par%20with%20the%20state%20of%20the%20art%20on%20some%20artificial%20geometrical%20data%2C%20but%20also%20has%20the%20advantage%20of%20being%20immediately%20generalizable%20to%20non-metrical%20spaces.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22phdthesis%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22publisher%22%3A%22Universit%C3%A9%20Paris%20sciences%20et%20lettres%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22tel.archives-ouvertes.fr%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pretopology%2C%20a%20mathematical%20tool%20for%20structuring%20complex%20systems%20%3A%20methods%2C%20algorithms%20and%20applications%22%2C%22title-short%22%3A%22Pretopology%2C%20a%20mathematical%20tool%20for%20structuring%20complex%20systems%22%2C%22URL%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Ftel.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Ftel-02637029%22%2C%22author%22%3A%5B%7B%22family%22%3A%22Laborde%22%2C%22given%22%3A%22Julio%22%7D%5D%2C%22accessed%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222022%22%2C5%2C19%5D%5D%7D%2C%22issued%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222019%22%2C4%2C2%5D%5D%7D%7D%7D%5D" data-schema-version="6"> <h1>Annotations<br>(24/09/2022 à 08:54:21)</h1> <p><img alt="" width="734" height="872" data-attachment-key="WLKUPKBX" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22DH4NRL95%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%223%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A10%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B79.375%2C255.64%2C520%2C779.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%223%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%223%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 3</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="715" height="549" data-attachment-key="RQK8AIK3" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22QDQKBWP8%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A19%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B91.25%2C436.265%2C520%2C765.64%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2212%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2212%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 12</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="673" height="420" data-attachment-key="EUT257Q6" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22RNAZAP2S%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2218%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A25%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B97.5%2C415.64%2C501.25%2C667.515%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2218%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2218%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 18</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="408" height="320" data-attachment-key="NWYN8NBE" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22CDIJBPEX%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2218%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A25%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B176.25%2C100.64%2C421.25%2C292.515%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2218%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2218%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 18</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="457" height="581" data-attachment-key="353VFKCN" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22D6Q6GZZ2%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2220%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A27%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B157.5%2C431.265%2C431.875%2C780.015%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2220%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2220%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 20</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="433" height="463" data-attachment-key="KB8K894J" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22XYNWN88Y%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2221%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A28%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B162.5%2C496.265%2C422.5%2C774.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2221%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2221%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 21</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="469" height="452" data-attachment-key="KQJEEDWS" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22XUA55IQ2%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2222%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A29%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B157.5%2C303.14%2C438.75%2C574.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2222%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2222%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 22</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="668" height="259" data-attachment-key="85SBL2Q5" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22FXJNKP72%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2224%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A31%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B96.25%2C293.765%2C496.875%2C449.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2224%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2224%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 24</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22V94GUX33%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2225%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A32%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B90%2C383.385%2C465.492%2C394.785%5D%2C%5B206.076%2C360.913%2C389.188%2C373.59%5D%2C%5B90%2C337.46%2C475.005%2C348.86%5D%2C%5B205.951%2C314.988%2C389.205%2C327.665%5D%2C%5B90%2C291.535%2C485.587%2C302.935%5D%2C%5B177.018%2C269.064%2C419.883%2C281.74%5D%2C%5B90%2C245.61%2C495.47%2C257.01%5D%2C%5B191.204%2C223.139%2C404.071%2C234.048%5D%2C%5B90%2C199.685%2C493.534%2C211.085%5D%2C%5B192.074%2C177.214%2C403.049%2C188.123%5D%2C%5B90%2C153.76%2C485.052%2C165.16%5D%2C%5B215.177%2C131.289%2C379.99%2C143.965%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2225%22%7D%7D">« Definition 2.14. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the rim of A, denoted b(A), the function: b(A) = {x ∈ A | ∀B ∈ B(x), B ∩ AC , ú} Definition 2.15. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the girdle of A, denoted o(A), the function: o(A) = {x ∈ AC | ∀B ∈ B(x), B ∩ A , ú} Definition 2.16. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the frontier of A, denoted f (A), the function: f (A) = {x ∈ U | ∀B ∈ B(x), B ∩ A , ú ∧ B ∩ AC , ú} Definition 2.17. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the derivative of A, denoted d(A), the function: d(A) = {x ∈ U | ∀B ∈ B(x), (B − {x}) ∩ A , ú} Definition 2.18. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the coherence of A, denoted c(A), the function: c(A) = {x ∈ A | ∀B ∈ B(x), (B − {x}) ∩ A , ú} Definition 2.19. ∀A ∈ ℘(U), we call the exterior of A, denoted e(A), the function: e(A) = {x ∈ U | ∃B ∈ B(x), B ⊂ AC } »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2225%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 25</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="719" height="358" data-attachment-key="Y468JV5K" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%226EM9EVSR%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2227%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A34%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B86.875%2C259.39%2C518.125%2C474.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2227%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2227%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 27</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%225VBJGZWW%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2228%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A35%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B119.247%2C448.502%2C499.811%2C459.848%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C434.952%2C505.266%2C446.298%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C421.403%2C452.782%2C432.749%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2228%22%7D%7D">« retopology can be used to represent a system where the relation between an element and a set is not a simple aggregation of the individual relations to the members of the set. In this it is fundamentally different from a graph. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2228%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 28</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%229CQ9J7DR%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2228%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A35%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B119.247%2C398.888%2C499.811%2C410.234%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C385.338%2C430.048%2C396.684%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2228%22%7D%7D">« retopology establishes one single relation between a particular element and a particular group. In this it is different from a multilayer network. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2228%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 28</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22TDWPJRWZ%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2232%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A39%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B106.936%2C578.033%2C505.271%2C589.379%5D%2C%5B90%2C564.484%2C285.611%2C575.83%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2232%22%7D%7D">« The goal is then to devise a more economical way to store and treat pretopologies, without having to get rid of its concepts. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2232%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 32</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22MXCK8NSK%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2232%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A39%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B106.936%2C496.738%2C492.299%2C508.084%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C473.322%2C491.985%2C484.79%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C451.543%2C457.995%2C463.011%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C429.833%2C505.269%2C441.233%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C416.337%2C505.238%2C427.683%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C402.666%2C505.27%2C414.134%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C389.239%2C338.804%2C400.585%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2232%22%7D%7D">« Each pretopological space will be characterized by a tuple (N, Θ, DN F(.)), where: • G = {G1(V1, E1), G2(V1, E1), ..., Gn(Vn, En)} is a set of n weighted directed graphs. • Θ = {θ1, θ2, ..., θn} is a set of n thresholds, each associated to one graph. • DN F(.) : (℘(U), U) → {True, False}, where ℘(U) is the power set of U, is a boolean function expressed as a positive disjunctive normal form in terms of the n boolean functions V1(A, x), ..., Vn(A, x), each associated to a graph, and whose truth value depends on the set A and the element x. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2232%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 32</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22I4RZPYPB%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2234%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A41%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B136.44%2C390.386%2C448.08%2C401.786%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2234%22%7D%7D">« Pretopological space built from a basis of neighborhoods »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2234%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 34</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="746" height="432" data-attachment-key="G496EMF6" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22FFC4AB72%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2247%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A54%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B75%2C123.14%2C522.5%2C382.515%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2247%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2247%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 47</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="623" height="249" data-attachment-key="B2WG6FEF" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%225BVIZYTG%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2250%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A57%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B115.625%2C615.015%2C489.375%2C764.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2250%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2250%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 50</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="746" height="321" data-attachment-key="C6PKGG67" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%223EZB8DPM%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2253%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A60%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B78.125%2C201.89%2C525.625%2C394.39%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2253%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2253%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 53</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="826" height="930" data-attachment-key="6ZF98CIF" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22RSATC37W%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2272%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A79%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B66.75%2C103.89%2C562.5%2C661.89%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 72</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22X9MRM8GR%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2277%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A84%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B106.936%2C247.151%2C505.281%2C258.497%5D%2C%5B90%2C233.602%2C505.273%2C244.948%5D%2C%5B90%2C220.053%2C110.716%2C231.399%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C198.664%2C499.811%2C210.01%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C185.115%2C310.254%2C196.461%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C163.971%2C505.276%2C175.317%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C150.422%2C309.655%2C161.768%5D%2C%5B103.331%2C129.278%2C499.811%2C140.624%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C115.729%2C505.266%2C127.075%5D%2C%5B117.273%2C102.18%2C340.277%2C113.526%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2277%22%7D%7D">« An agent is a virtual object that usually represents an entity from the real world (e.g. a person, an animal, a car, etc...). They might be defined by the following three sets: •A set of attributes: characteristics of the agent that do not change during the simulation (e.g. the gender of a person). •A set of variables: characteristics of the agent that evolve over time ( e.g. the position of a person in its environment). •A set of functions: descriptions of the actions that the agent must execute when certain triggering conditions are fulfilled. These actions might trigger some other actions or could change some variables’ values. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2277%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 77</span>)</span></p> <p><img alt="" width="633" height="1140" data-attachment-key="ZWHXV4V9" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22ZWVS8CB4%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2299%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A106%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B105.833%2C83.557%2C485.833%2C767.723%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2299%22%7D%7D"><br><span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2299%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 99</span>)</span></p> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F7AFBCHPM%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22NYKVKIJT%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%22105%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A112%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B90%2C576.24%2C505.265%2C587.586%5D%2C%5B90%2C562.691%2C505.265%2C574.037%5D%2C%5B90%2C549.142%2C505.265%2C560.488%5D%2C%5B90%2C535.593%2C148.538%2C546.939%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%22105%22%7D%7D">« We have seen throughout the thesis many examples of how pretopology could be an appropriate way to model the structure of some real world phenomena, capable of modeling phenomena that could not be represented with network theory without loosing information. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FQDT4P4HX%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%22105%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Laborde, 2019, p. 105</span>)</span></p> </div> -
Hexagons — Start With Why
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Red Blob Games: Hexagonal Grids
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Note : 3KTRWZ9U <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“L’hexagone permet de “paver” l’espace en un agencement sans fin, qui, potentiellement, permet de dessiner des réseaux infinis. […] Choisir unegrille hexagonale réduit le bruit numérique et facilite la lecture.” p. 76</p> </div>
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11. L’éthique, entre le mal et le pire
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Note : L9JR42NW <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“Je suis parti sur une conception à trois étages du problème moral, à savoir, l’éthique, la morale et la sagesse pratique.” § 4</p> </div>
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Note : IGSBJSZG <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“Le rapport médical parcourt non seulement les trois moments de l’éthique, mais les trois niveaux de l’expérience morale : le souhait de vivre bien, l’obligation morale, la décision sage et prudente.” § 8</p> </div>
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Note : BNVXZ3VV <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“Donner-recevoir, lorsqu’on ne peut plus faire. Et défendre, jusqu’au bout, cette capacité d’échange dans le donner-recevoir. C’est un petit peu ce que vous disiez tout à l’heure : ce que vous recevez dans le regard de vos malades. C’est l’apprentissage de votre propre humanité. De ce point de vue-là, il faut aider le grand malade, le mourant, à être encore un donateur, pas simplement un recevant…“ § 34</p> </div>
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Note : 6MTZBPX8 <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“C’est une règle économique de base, la proportionnalité. Les Grecs étaient venus à cette idée par les proportions : A sur B = C sur D. Analogia, c’est la proportionnalité analogique. D’où l’idée de justice proportionnelle « analogique » : introduire un rapport analogique entre des inégaux. C’est vrai que l’arrivée à la mort, c’est l’arrivée à l’inégalité entre celui qui est et celui qui va ne plus être, rupture absolue de la présence mutuelle.” § 44</p> </div>
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Note : QKJ9AMSX <div data-schema-version="6"><p>"L'outil différentiel permet de retrouver "de l'intérieur" (du point de vue des variations de l'objet) les informations qu'on croyait données dans le système de référence extérieur et ouvre la possibilité d'une exploration immanente de l'objet, de proche en proche." p.109</p> </div>
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Vers un changement de paradigme en intelligence artificielle
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Note : ZGE49E4L <div data-schema-version="6"><p>“Je prétends que, sans ce système de coordonnées mathématiques, sans ce filet topologique qui fait de l’univers des concepts le lieu fondamental de l’esprit - un lieu abstraitet infini - il nous est impossible de modéliser la culture(c’est-à-dire l’intelligence collective humaine) comme un <em>cosmos</em> scientifiqueement connaissable.” p. 257</p> </div>
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Ce qui pourrait être autrement: IEML et les algorithmes qui pensent
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Additive Grothendieck pretopologies and presentations of tensor categories
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Gephi : An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks
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Comment désactiver le proxy dans Zotero / Saloninnovationsinc.com
- Internet des objets
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Contrôler les IA
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Une autre manière de modéliser les réseaux sociaux. Applications à l’étude de co-publications
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Note : VNQMBF8N <div data-citation-items="%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FHGD82EUZ%22%5D%2C%22itemData%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FHGD82EUZ%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22article-journal%22%2C%22abstract%22%3A%22Cet%20article%20a%20pour%20objectif%20de%20montrer%20pourquoi%20et%20comment%20la%20pr%C3%A9topologie%20(domaine%20des%20math%C3%A9matiques%20qui%20recouvre%20la%20th%C3%A9orie%20des%20graphes%20et%20la%20topologie)%20peut%20apporter%20une%20mod%C3%A9lisation%20et%20un%20traitement%20plus%20souples%20et%20mieux%20adapt%C3%A9s%20des%20r%C3%A9seaux%20sociaux.%22%2C%22container-title%22%3A%22Nouvelles%20perspectives%20en%20sciences%20sociales%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7202%2F1040904ar%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221712-8307%2C%201918-7475%22%2C%22issue%22%3A%222%22%2C%22journalAbbreviation%22%3A%22npss%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fr%22%2C%22note%22%3A%22publisher%3A%20Prise%20de%20parole%22%2C%22page%22%3A%2241-68%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22www.erudit.org%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Une%20autre%20mani%C3%A8re%20de%20mod%C3%A9liser%20les%20r%C3%A9seaux%20sociaux.%20Applications%20%C3%A0%20l%E2%80%99%C3%A9tude%20de%20co-publications%22%2C%22URL%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Ffr%2Frevues%2Fnpss%2F2009-v4-n2-npss03175%2F1040904ar%2F%22%2C%22volume%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22author%22%3A%5B%7B%22family%22%3A%22Dalud-Vincent%22%2C%22given%22%3A%22Monique%22%7D%5D%2C%22accessed%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222022%22%2C6%2C8%5D%5D%7D%2C%22issued%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222017%22%5D%5D%7D%7D%7D%5D" data-schema-version="6"><h1>Annotations<br/>(08/06/2022 à 08:52:00)</h1> <p><span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FKI4AT8VB%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22VVMECASQ%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2247%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A7%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B105.002%2C583.297%2C398.952%2C599.438%5D%2C%5B93%2C568.897%2C199.264%2C585.038%5D%2C%5B110.997%2C554.495%2C179.35%2C570.637%5D%2C%5B110.997%2C540.093%2C246.87%2C556.235%5D%2C%5B110.997%2C525.691%2C399.035%2C541.833%5D%2C%5B110.997%2C511.29%2C201.118%2C527.431%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FHGD82EUZ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2247%22%7D%7D">« On appelle prétopologie sur X, toute application adh de P(X) dans P(X) qui vérifie : i - adh (ø) = ø ii - ∀A ∈ P(X), A ⊂ adh(A) (X, adh) est appelé espace prétopologique. adh est encore appelée adhérence. »</span> <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FHGD82EUZ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2247%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(<span class="citation-item">Dalud-Vincent, 2017, p. 47</span>)</span></p></div>
- Action située et perception du sens
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L’action située : critique mesurée d’une approche novatrice de l’apprentissage